Comparative Fiqh: Exploring Similarities and Differences Across Islamic Jurisprudential Schools

Abstract

Comparative fiqh involves the systematic study of similarities and differences among Islamic jurisprudential schools (madhhabs) with regard to their sources, methodologies, and rulings. This article examines key areas where Sunni and Shi‘i schools converge and diverge, including the interpretation of primary sources, legal methodology (usul al-fiqh), and application in personal status, worship, and criminal law. By highlighting shared foundational principles and doctrinal variances, this study underscores the dynamic pluralism within Islamic law and its implications for contemporary Islamic legal thought and practice. Understanding these nuances enriches cross-madhhab dialogue and promotes juridical flexibility in Muslim societies.